October 2025
How to monitor, diagnose, and solve gradient issues in foundation models
A practical guide to vanishing gradients, exploding gradients, layer-wise gradient tracking, and stabilization techniques using PyTorch and Colab.
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September 2025
Synthetic data for LLM training
Where synthetic data is useful, where it is risky, and how GANs, diffusion models, LLMs, and meta-learning approaches generate training data.
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August 2025
Multimodal large language models
An overview of how multimodal LLMs combine text, images, audio, and other modalities to reason across richer inputs.
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